Global Nonviolent Peace Force
April 20, 2000
We are writing to ask that you join us in co-creating an exciting
new advancement in the field of nonviolent peacemaking. Our mission is to mobilize
and train a multicultural, nonviolent, peace force. The Peace Force will deploy to
conflict areas to help create the space for local groups to struggle, dialogue and seek
peaceful resolution while protecting human rights and preventing death and destruction.
The Global Peace Force is gaining momentum. Supporters include
His Holiness the Dalai Lama, Dr. A.T. Ariyaratne of Sri Lanka, Congressman John Lewis of
the United States, UN Ambassador Anwarul Karim Chowdhury of Bangladesh, Elise Boulding of
the Peace Research Association, Per Gahrton of the European Parliament, the Fellowship of
Reconciliation-USA, United Nations Volunteers Humanitarian Affairs Unit and the National
Forum for Peace and Reconciliation in Sierra Leone.
THIS IS A DRAFT. We are sending it to you as part of a
participatory development process that began last May at the Hague Appeal for Peace
Conference. Since then hundreds of activists, scholars, religious leaders,
government officials and military veterans have consulted and shaped the proposal.
A nonviolent peace force is not a new idea. It builds on a legacy
that transcends cultures, time and national boundaries. As we venture into a new
millennium the prospect of a peace force appeals to deeply held hopes and aspirations of
many. We have the capability to make this happen in our lifetimes. The ingredients
abound. Together, we can make the Peaceforce a reality. There will be no
better way to commemorate the United Nations decade for a culture of peace and nonviolence
than to do so.
Please join us as co-creators in this effort.
1. Have your organization officially
endorse the creation of the Global Nonviolent Peace Force.
2. Circulate this proposal throughout
your network.
3. Discuss and reflect on the proposal
and share your comments with us.
4. Make sure the topic of creating a
Nonviolent Peaceforce is brought up at national and regional conferences.
5. Consider other ways that your
organization might help co-create the Peace Force through promotion, recruitment, gaining
the endorsement of other prominent organizations and individuals in your country,
translating the proposal into your language, identifying training resources and helping to
find financial support.
6. Designate one person (full or part time)
from your organization to work with us in co- creating the Peace Force.
Please stay in touch with us. We may be reached at:
Mel Duncan
801 Front Ave.
St. Paul, MN. 55103
U.S.A.
(651)917-8717
MnDuncan@AOL.com
David Hartsough
PEACEWORKERS
721 Shrader St.
San Francisco, CA. 94117
U.S.A.
(415)751-0302
PEACEWORKERS@igc.org
Check out our Web page <www.nonviolentpeaceforce.org>
A DRAFT PROPOSAL FOR A GLOBAL NONVIOLENT PEACE FORCE
by Mel Duncan and David Hartsough. March 28, 2000
"There is an important need to pursue this ideal on a truly global basis, from our
deep commitment to inter-dependence and universal responsibility. I wish your efforts
every success."
The Dalai Lama
"This is an idea that is long overdue and needed. The way of violence is
obsolete as a tool of solving problems."
John Lewis, U. S. Congressman and civil rights
pioneer
"I'm with you 100%."
Elise Boulding, former Secretary General of the
International Peace Research Association
"The UNV is, therefore, in principle ready to contribute to the efforts geared at
developing a global peace force as outlined in your proposal."
Dirk Boberg, United Nations Volunteer Agency
"The world needs all the tools we can to keep the peace. It would be the
cheapest way to avoid conflict. This is a very good proposal. I think it is
timely."
Colonel Kent Edberg, Military Advisor to
Swedish Mission to the UN
"In a conference on the European Civil Peace Corps last week in Brussels your name
and project were mentioned repeatedly in a supporting spirit"
Ernst Gulcher, Peace and Disarmament Advisor,
Green Party, European Parliament
"With reference to the subject above, we wish to join your organization as
nonviolent peace keeping force."
Abu Bakarr Kamara, National Forum for Peace and
Reconciliation, Sierra Leone
"It's obvious that we have to do it now. We've got the resources. The
costliness of not doing it has grown."
Joanna Macy, author and Buddhist activist
AUTHORS' NOTE
This proposal is an evolving work that will improve with your thoughts, reflections and
experience. We invite you to join us in co-creating the Global Peace Force.
INTRODUCTION
As we venture into the new millennium, we stand at a significant
crossroads. Will the next century bring an incessant stream of devastating armed conflicts
and brutal sanctions, like the horrors we have seen this year in Kosovo, Iraq, and now
East Timor? Or are there alternatives to the endless repetition of such
catastrophes?
The world needs institutions and collective activities that encourage
large numbers of people to engage in peaceful actions that inspire hope, provide meaning
and call them to higher values. We need to develop an international, multiethnic
standing peace force that will be trained in nonviolent strategies and tactics and
deployed to conflicts or potentially violent areas. The international peace force
will work in cooperation with local groups committed to peaceful change, carry out
strategies designed to lessen violence or its potential and create the space for peaceful
resolution to occur.
Effective examples of this type of third party nonviolent intervention
have progressively grown during the latter part of this century. Peace Brigades
International, the Balkan Peace Teams, Witness for Peace, PEACEWORKERS, the Helsinki
Citizens Assembly, Christian Peacemaker Teams, SIPAZ, the International Fellowship of
Reconciliation and others operate in numerous countries including Colombia, Guatemala, the
Balkans, the U.S., Israel/Palestine, Mexico and Nicaragua. Most are doing small
scale, highly specialized activities designed to be an active presence to lower the
potential or current levels of violence and support local peacemakers. They are
creating an invaluable knowledge and experiential base of nonviolent
peacemaking.
For example, in 1985 Guatemalan women from GAM (Grupo de Apoyo Mutuo)
requested that Peace Brigades International (PBI) provide 24 hour nonviolent accompaniment
for their leaders after two of its members had been assassinated. Much of Guatemalan
civil society had been wiped out by the military at that time leaving most of the citizens
too terrified to act. For the next four years PBI provided unarmed body guards around the
clock for GAM's leadership. No more group leaders were killed and the courageous
women were able to carry out their work. This created an opening for other citizen
groups to emerge and begin rebuilding democratic institutions. GAM leader, Nineth de
Garcia told the New York Times, "Thanks to their presence I am alive. That is
an indisputable truth."
At about the same time, the U.S. backed Contras were trying to
overthrow the Sandinista government of Nicaragua. Operating from bases in Honduras
the Contras often attacked Nicaraguan villages and fields to disrupt the agricultural
harvest. In December of 1983, Witness for Peace began sending delegations to the
border areas of Nicaragua. Over the next seven years, hundreds of international
volunteers visited villages along the Nicaraguan border. They picked cotton
and coffee and helped rebuild the war damaged infrastructure. They brought stories
of real people back to their home countries and organized. They played a major role
in reducing violence and deterring an invasion. No Nicaraguan village was ever
attacked by the Contras while a Witness for Peace delegation was present.
On the island of Negros in the Philippines in 1989, over 500 refugees
gathered in a church hall were threatened to be killed by death squads. The Catholic
bishop, Antonio Fortich, after hearing of the successes of PBI and Witness for Peace,
called on religious leaders from around the world for help. Within 24 hours 25
religious representatives had joined the bishop and the 500 refugees in the church hall
asserting that anything done to the refugees would also have to be done to them.
They also promised to tell the world what happened. The death squads failed to carry
out their threat.
Yet when faced with the brutal aggression of Slobodan Milosevic
throughout the last decade, the peace movement has lacked a credible, coherent and
comprehensive response. While some international activists bravely carried out
nonviolent strategies with people of the Balkans and still are, many others didn't
know what to do and, in some cases, reluctantly shrugged their shoulders and supported the
NATO response. The Nation , a progressive magazine from the U.S., editorialized
about this quandary in April of 1999. "This crisis creates a profound dilemma
for principled antimilitarists who do not want to turn a blind eye to ethnic cleansing but
do not embrace the NATO air war."
Kosovo presented a need for substantial, well organized, international
support of the local peace movement. Kosovar Albanian President Ibrahim Rugova was
asking for an international peace presence in Kosovo as early as nine years ago.
There was no substantial response. Alberto L'Abate, Italian activist and a Balkan
veteran, believes that 1,000 international peace workers in Kosovo four years ago could
have played a significant role in averting the violence of the past year and one
half. Their activities could have included accompaniment, active support of
local nonviolent actions and training and capacity building of nonviolent and democratic
institutions. Nonviolent activists could have also organized international support and
media attention for the local nonviolent movement and the possibilities for peaceful
resolution.
The International Peace Force represents an alternative to massive
military intervention that many people hope for but does not yet exist. Building on the
important peace team work throughout the world, this project will bring peacemaking
activity to a dramatic, new level. We need to develop a strategic, efficient and
effective response to brutality and threats of genocidal violence.
Last spring over 9,000 activists from 100 countries converged on the
Hague asserting that "peace is a human right" and that "it is time to
abolish war." This proposal was drafted as a consequence of a series of
formal and informal discussions during the Hague Appeal for Peace conference. It has
since been reviewed, discussed and critiqued by hundreds of nonviolent activists, scholars
and military veterans from various parts of the world. It truly is a work in progress that
will continue to unfold based on the wisdom and experience of many co-creators. The
International Peace Force advances the experiments with nonviolence and helps bring life
to the United Nations' Decade of Nonviolence and Gandhi's earlier vision of a Shanti Sena
(Nonviolent peace army).
CONCEPT
During the meetings at the Hague conference, there was basic agreement
on three initial points:
1. Most people doing peace team work, conflict resolution and/or
nonviolent training had shared the vision at some point in their work of building a
standing nonviolent, peace force of significant size. Some still entertained the
idea. Usually the idea had been abandoned because:
a. Lack of resources, especially
financial, to build and sustain such an operation,
b. The important peacemaking work in a
particular area had become so consuming and/or specialized that the vision of a larger
scale operation was lost.
2. Most people thought that the idea was worth exploring and
developing. Some were very enthusiastic. Others were more cautionary.
3. While this project is very early in development, people
representing organizations doing peace team work did not try to protect their group's
domain even when directly considering the prospect that a new organization might compete
for funds. There was an amazing lack of turf protection.
Our mission is to mobilize and train a multicultural, nonviolent, standing peace force. The Peace Force will deploy to conflict areas to help create the space for local groups to struggle, dialogue and seek peaceful resolution while protecting human rights and preventing death and destruction.
To begin the program there will need to be significant advance
commitments including:
1. At least 200 people willing to commit to participate in
training and deployment for at least 2 years.
2. At least 400 people with training and specific peace making
skills who would be available on a reserve basis for at least one month per year
over a 2-3 year period.
3. At least 500 supporting members around the globe willing to
contact their media, government officials and religious leaders about the Peaceforce's
work.
4. At least 5,000 people committed to pray and/or meditate daily
for the work of the Peaceforce.
5. Eight million dollars for operation.
6. Significant media relationships and attention.
7. A well-defined, international, efficient and accountable
decision-making body.
RESEARCH
The first two years of development of the International Peace Force
will require extensive research. Research results will shape the creation of the
peace force including whether or not we proceed. We will meet with peace team
activists, military veterans, political leaders, international diplomats, religious
leaders, scholars and activists in conflict areas to explore appropriate applications of
third party nonviolent intervention and lessons that have been learned. We will also
undertake a literature review.
Research will focus on four major areas.
1. Conflict situations and conditions where larger scale third
party nonviolent intervention would be or would have been appropriate and helpful.
2. Best practices for recruitment, engagement, strategy, tactics,
governmental interaction and media relations.
3. Current peacemakers training and trainers to identify those
most appropriate for the training of the peace force.
4. Specific roles and functions needed in conflict areas that
armed peacekeepers and humanitarian aid teams cannot or will not play.
5. Logistical needs of fielding a nonviolent peaceforce.
RECRUITMENT
Beginning with 200 active members, 400 reserves and 500 supporters, the
Peace Force will be built to a level of 2,000 active, 4,000 reserves and 5,000 supporters
over a six year period. Members will be multiethnic, international,
intergenerational and have various orientations to faith and spiritual practices. Through
a screening process, they will need to demonstrate a great capacity for teamwork,
listening, communication, multicultural interaction and bearing dangers and frustrations.
All members will be committed to nonviolence and disciplined, effective action while
participating in this project.
All active members will be paid a professional salary. A
provision for college scholarships and contributions to retirement funds will also be
developed. Highly visible participants such as Nobel Peace Prize laureates, religious
representatives or former government leaders will also be recruited for specific
situations.
Members will be recruited from a variety of places including:
1. Former peace team members from a
variety of organizations.
2. People referred by other peace
organizations.
3. Members of veterans for peace
organizations.
4. Youth.
5. Members of religious and spiritual
communities.
6. Veterans of other nonviolent
movements: civil rights, national freedom, labor, anti-war, women, environmental.
7. Retired people.
8. Former Peace Corps volunteers and
other veterans of international service.
9. Artists.
10. Other ordinary people willing to volunteer a
couple of years working with peace teams.
Reserves will be recruited from peace organizations, spiritual
communities and other constituencies listed above. The International Peace Force will
maintain a data base of peace team veterans cataloging their skills and availability.
The 5,000 supporters will each contribute at least $100 per
year. They will be connected to the work of the Peace Force via a Web page and
E-Mail. In addition to financial support, supporters will serve as the local voice of the
Peace Force by communicating with their local media and their religious or social
communities about its general work and specific engagements. They will also educate
their government officials about issues related to the Peace Force's work.
ENGAGEMENT
The Peace Force will be deployed at the invitation of a local
organization or nonviolent movement working for peaceful change/resolution. Attempts will
be made to gain approval from all sides involved in the conflict.
Strong preference will be given to early intervention. As one
woman from Kosovo said at the Hague Conference, "Peace workers need to be at the
right place at the right time before violence escalates. Otherwise, we are just
counting our mistakes."
Deployment decisions will be made by the Governance Committee.
Make up of the particular teams deployed will depend upon the needs of the given
situation. Criteria considered for involvement would include:
1. Invitation by a local organization
working for peaceful change/resolution.
2. Clear role and contribution that the
force could make.
3. Reasonable chance of success.
4. Organizational and logistical backup.
5. Media backup.
6. Evidence that combatants and/or
governments are sensitive to international pressure.
7. Sufficient funding and commitment for
duration.
8. Analysis that deployment would enhance
local efforts for peaceful resolutions.
A family support network will be developed to provide physical,
logistical, emotional and financial support to family and friends of active members while
they are deployed. Post action counseling and support services will be made
available to members and their loved ones upon return.
STRATEGIES AND TACTICS
A clear mandate with a specific strategy and precise objectives
tailored to the conflict area will be established before deployment. Strategies and
tactics will be designed to lessen violence or its potential, create space for peaceful
and just resolution and empower local peace and justice activists. The strategies
will be flexible and focus on these outcomes, not just on providing witnesses or
documenting human rights abuses. Make up of the teams sent to the conflict area will
be determined by the needs of the particular situation. Specialized teams with
expertise in particular peacemaking skills will be available and deployed based on the
need of the conflict situation.
While in the area the Peace Force will also serve as
international eyes, ears and conscience. The tactics, developed and carried out in
conjunction with local nonviolent activists, will be decided upon by the Peace Force
leadership team in the area in consultation with the Peace Force Governance
Committee. Strategies and methods could include:
1. Accompanying (activists, leaders,
returning refugees)
2. Facilitating communication among
conflicting parties
3. Monitoring (elections, cease fires,
treaties)
4. Training and training trainers in
conflict transformation
5. Patrolling (borders etc.)
6. Interpositioning between conflicting
sides
7. Capacity building for local nonviolent
groups
8. Modeling alternatives to violent
behavior
9. Providing an international emergency
response network to support local peacemaking efforts
10. Strengthening multicultural local
efforts
11. Fact finding
13. Rumor investigation
14. Promoting unbiased information,
internally and internationally
15. Instantaneous video witnessing to the
Internet
16. Creating safe zones.
An overarching strategy of the peace force will be to build
international interest and support for nonviolent movements around the world that present
to people the hope and reality of alternatives to armed intervention. As evidenced
by peace teams to date, tremendous public education is carried out by activists once
they return to their home countries.
Each engagement as well as the overall operation of the Peace Force
will require considerable logistical support including business managers, public relations
specialists, medical workers, conflict resolvers, team builders, travel coordinators,
cooks, fund raisers, regional experts and governmental and organizational liaisons.
While we will attempt to have volunteers fluent in the local languages in the conflict
areas, we will also employ language interpreters for each engagement. This may seem like a
lot of people but as one activist pointed out, the military employs ten support staff for
every soldier in the field.
DECISION MAKING
This process will have to be democratic, inclusive, efficient and
possess legitimate authority. For this project to succeed, the Initiating Group will
have to be international with limited involvement from the United States. At the
beginning, ten to fifteen people with experience in peace team work, conflict
transformation, organizing, training, fund raising, military operations, humanitarian
efforts, organizational development and the media will form the Initiating Group to
develop the project. Each person will have an active commitment to the goal of the
International Peace Force as well as to nonviolence and intercultural peacemaking. A
variety of ethnicity, nationality, gender, spirituality and age will be important. This
group will develop the concept of the Peace Force, answer key questions and create and
help implement a recruitment, fund raising, media and training plan. This will take
about 24 months. (Note: Should adequate funding become available sooner this
timetable could be accelerated.)
At the end of this period, the Initiating Group will
appoint a Governance Committee that may include some members of the Initiating Group. The
Governance Committee will be charged with the overall governance of the International
Peace Force including the implementation of the recruitment, fund raising, media and
training plans as well as overseeing the operation and making budgetary, personnel and
deployment decisions. Like the Initiating Group, the Governance Committee will
embody the principles of nonviolence and intercultural peacemaking as well as be
inclusive, efficient, representative and accountable. Another possibility for
governance could be a coalition or federation of existing peace team organizations.
The Governance Committee will also develop a Field Leadership with
clearly defined authority over operations and tactics once a team is in the field.
During the planning stages an Advisory Board made up of prominent world citizens including
Nobel Peace Prize laureates, former governmental leaders and religious leaders will be
appointed to advise on major questions, increase visibility of the Peace Force and assist
with fund raising. Later this advisory board will help strengthen the moral
authority of the Peace Force and, hopefully, participate as active members.
TRAINING
Complex conflict situations require highly qualified
competencies. Active members of the Peace Force will take part in a two month general
training that focuses on history and theory of nonviolence, cultural sensitivity,
listening, mediation skills and conflict transformation. Physical, spiritual and artistic
training will also be available at this time.
A more specific training of up to two months duration will follow
focusing on the local area of deployment including language, culture, analysis of the
conflict and discussion of appropriate means of peaceful engagement. All or part of
this phase will be done in the deployment area in conjunction with local peacemakers.
An advanced training will also be offered in various specialty tactics
including accompaniment, conflict transformation and mediation. Results of the
research project mentioned above will be incorporated into the training.
Nonviolent training resources are being developed around the
world. The Peace Force will contract with existing trainers to carry out the
training. Reserves who will be called up because of the need for their particular skills
in a specific region will take part in the advanced training. Continuing education will
also be required for all members.
COMMUNICATIONS
Good media and public relations will be vital. We will need to
document and communicate the hope and promise of nonviolent peacemaking to a world that
can be cynical and skeptical yet hungers for new approaches to dealing with violence. We
will need to create a transcendent image that communicates integrity, strength, hope and
effectiveness to the general public in meaningful symbols as well as concrete action.
Credible media relationships will have to be forged. They could
prove to be the lifeline to teams once they are deployed. We will need to explore
creative uses of technology such as teams bringing video and satellite transmission
equipment to document and deter violent behavior. Our communications plan will have to
include a recruitment package which encourages people in a variety of countries to
participate at all three levels: active, reserve and supporter.
A professional Web Page will be developed and maintained to:
1. Communicate the mission and work of
the Peace Force
2. Recruit members
3. Raise money
4. Give live reports from the field
5. Inform members of support activities
that they can do
6. Discuss new developments in nonviolent
strategies and interventions.
We will need a proactive media strategy to transform images and
messages from individuals and organizations who will oppose the project. Transnational
weapons producers, combatants in a particular region and military alliances like NATO are
possible examples.
FUND RAISING
An operation of 2,000 active members with a full compliment of reserves
and supporters would cost about $70 - 80 million a year. While this amount seems
huge, the world spends more than this on military operations each and every hour of every
day of every year. Remember, an attractive element of nonviolence is that it is much
less expensive than war. This cost, however, geometrically eclipses the total amount
spent on peace team work in the world today and presents a strong argument for eventual
U.N. and/or other governmental support.
Exploratory and developmental costs will be about $200,000 annually for the first two years. We will seek this money from a few foundations, individual donors and religious organizations. We will need $8 million, about 7 minutes worth of global military expenditures, to begin operation of the Peace Force with 200 active members, 400 reserves and 500 supporters. This will come from foundations, religious and spiritual institutions and individuals. We will also have raised $50,000 from our first 500 supporters for the first year of operation.
INTERACTION WITH GOVERNMENTS
Working relationships with governmental units will be important. The
Initiating Group will explore if, how and to what extent the Peace Force will interact
with governments at all levels recognizing that deployment will require some type of
governmental cooperation. These considerations will include:
1. Possible support and/or sponsorship by the United Nations
and/or other multilateral organizations
2. Financial support from friendly governments
3. Governments adding Peace Force participation to their
universal service requirements
4. Direct work with government sponsored nonviolent organizations
like the German Civilian Peace Service
5. Government sponsored scholarships and retirement credits for
active members of the Peace Force
6. Governments providing information about and assistance in
gaining entry to certain countries
7. Governments designating a percentage of their military budget
to support nonviolent peacemaking.
TIME LINE
(Note: Should adequate funding become available sooner, this time line could be
accelerated.)
2000- 2001 -- Exploration and development.
Year 1 -- Develop concept,
meet with experienced activists throughout the world, gather information, write and
distribute opinion pieces, research, develop budget, identify core group, decide on
whether to proceed or not, establish office and operation, core group meet, develop and
implement media plan, fund raise for first two years, develop long term fund raising plan,
develop Web Page, develop data base for all levels of members.
Year 2 -- Implement fund raising and
media plans, maintain Web page, develop screening process, recruit all three levels
of members, identify site for base and training, identify and contract
with trainers, develop training agenda, digest and make available state of the art
knowledge for training, decision making and leadership, analyze possible sites of
deployment, create steering committee, hire key staff, communicate with governmental
officials.
2002-2006 -- Begin training, continue media, recruitment and
fundraising, first, second and/or third deployment, evaluate operation and publish
results, continue liaising with U.N. and other international organizations.
2010 -- Build to strength of 2,000 active members, 4,000 reserves
and 5,000 supporters, consider possible adoption by U.N. and/or other international
organizations such as the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe.
CONCLUSION
The use of active nonviolence is on the rise throughout the
world. We can build on the experiences of nonviolent peace teams and others to bring
this activity to a dramatic new level, a level required by conflicts around the
globe. We have reached a level of maturity where this is possible. We have the
capacity to make it happen in our lifetimes. The ingredients abound: there are many
veterans of nonviolent movements, thousands of citizens have demonstrated their
willingness to courageously stop violence and oppression, hard lessons have been analyzed
and learned, our organizational abilities have increased, highly qualified trainers are
available, the World Wide Web, already used to advance the campaigns for banning land
mines and establishing an International Criminal Court, is available as an organizing
tool, funders are expressing an interest, and, most importantly, people are demanding an
alternative to the highly militarized responses to conflict.
Profound questions remain. Yet, we live in a time when we are
called to be troubled by these questions. Questions haven't stopped NATO. As
evidenced last spring, they are still plagued with problems of decision making, turf,
logistics and effectiveness.
We need to trouble ourselves with the development of institutions that
manifest hope and lead us to a world that honors all life. We need to entertain
these ideas and challenge each other. So for now talk, write, reflect, pray, paint,
dance, meditate. Please share your thoughts, critiques and inspirations with us as
well as ideas of others with whom you share this paper.
Together we can make the Peace Force a reality. There will
be no better way to commemorate the United Nations Decade of Nonviolence than to do so.
WHAT YOU CAN DO TO HELP CO-CREATE THE PEACE FORCE.
*Endorse the Peace Force
*Reach out to key organizations and individuals
*Fund raise
*Identify and recruit general and expert volunteers
*Recruit supporters
*Start a local affinity group to support the work of the Peace Force
*Put an article on the Peace Force in your newsletter or on your Web
Page
*Research
TAX DEDUCTIBLE CONTRIBUTIONS CAN BE MADE TO "PEACEWORKERS" TO HELP IN CREATING THE INTERNATIONAL PEACE FORCE.
"I have great hope because this idea is emerging, converging all over the
world. What form it actually takes remains to be seen but it will happen."
Sister Pat Keefe
To volunteer or get more information contact:
Mel Duncan
801 Front Ave.
St. Paul, MN. 55103
U.S.A.
(651)917-8717
MnDuncan@AOL.com
David Hartsough
PEACEWORKERS
721 Shrader St.
San Francisco, CA. 94117
U.S.A.
(415)751-0302
PEACEWORKERS@igc.org
Check out our Web page <www.nonviolentpeaceforce.org>